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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
当我们可以享受人工智能的服务，人类能变懒吗？******
中新网北京12月10日电 “我对人工智能持非常乐观的态度，让人工智能服务好人类，符合我们所有人的共同利益。我们要让其变为现实。”
12月9日，国际人工智能协会前主席约兰达·吉尔在2022人工智能合作与治理国际论坛的主题论坛“人工智能引领韧性治理与未来科技”上如是表示。
2022人工智能合作与治理国际论坛由清华大学主办、清华大学人工智能国际治理研究院(I-AIIG)承办，中国新闻网作为战略合作伙伴。
国际人工智能协会前主席约兰达·吉尔作视频发言。主办方供图在约兰达·吉尔看来，当前人工智能技术的发展，将提升人类的科研效率。
“现在的科研实验室，90%的时间都是花在了重复性、枯燥的、繁琐的工作，这样的业务模式并不好。”
她指出，科学的效率不应该这么低。“我们必须相信，如果我们能够把科学家在实验室中的枯燥工作，转化为自动化，人类就能够把更多时间花在有趣的事情上。”
这同时意味着，对人类的要求也提高了。
世界工程组织联合会前主席、中国新一代人工智能发展战略研究院执行院长龚克作视频发言。主办方供图世界工程组织联合会前主席、中国新一代人工智能发展战略研究院执行院长龚克就认为，“当我们看到AI发展能够成为未来科学家的时候、能够成为越来越有用工具的时候，人如果要过一个有意义、有价值的一生，其实对我们的科学知识水平、道德水平提出了更高的要求。”
他直言，因为人类要去驾驭一个更有能力、更强大的的工具。“并不是说有了强大的工具，人就可以变得懒惰，人应该变得更聪明。”
联合国助理秘书长、联合国开发计划署政策与方案支助局局长徐浩良指出，“我们在呼吁制定国际标准，确保人工智能具有包容性、问责性和韧性。很多人提到人工智能的伦理标准等等，我们认为包容性在政策讨论及实践中都至关重要，所以社会要能够理解其收益和风险。”
显然，人类在获得人工智能“服务”的同时，如何防范由此带来的“风险”同样应引起关注。
约兰达·吉尔直言，安全系统的建立对于人类和设施的安全非常重要。“如果没有人工操作员的话，它是无法保证安全的。但现在有很多人工智能在安全方面的系统在没有得到足够提前训练的情况下，就被部署出去了，这是非常值得关切的。”
美国国家工程院外籍院士、北京智源人工智能研究院理事长张宏江作视频发言。主办方供图美国国家工程院外籍院士、北京智源人工智能研究院理事长张宏江提出，人类在设计人工智能系统时，要考虑到人工智能系统本身知道自己需要由人类介入，这是非常重要的一点。(完)
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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